Ironically, the value of replication may be strongest when existing understanding is weakest. The purpose of replication is to advance theory by confronting existing understanding with new evidence. This definition reduces emphasis on operational characteristics of the study and increases emphasis on the interpretation of possible outcomes. We propose that replication is a study for which any outcome would be considered diagnostic evidence about a claim from prior research. This definition is intuitive, easy to apply, and incorrect. According to common understanding, replication is repeating a study’s procedure and observing whether the prior finding recurs. Credibility of scientific claims is established with evidence for their replicability using new data.
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